Any training and development programme must contain inputs which enable the participants to gain skills, learn theoretical concepts and help acquire vision to look into the distant future. The inputs of training and development are as follows:
1) Skills
2) Education
3) Development
4) Ethics
5) Attitudinal Changes
6) Decision making and problem solving skills
1) Skills
Training is imparting skills to the employees. A worker needs skills to operate machines, and use other equipments with least damage and scrap. This is basic skills without which the operator will not function.
There is also a need of motor skills or psychomotor skills as they are refer to performance of specific physical activities .These skills involve learning to move various parts of their body in response to certain external and internal stimuli. Employees particularly like supervisors and executives, need interpersonal skills mostly know as people skills. These skills helps a person understand oneself and others better and act accordingly. Examples of interpersonal skills include listening. Persuading and showing an understanding of others feelings
2) Education
The purpose of education is to teach theoretical concepts and develop a sense of reasoning and judgment. That any training and development programme must contain an element of education is well understood by the HR specialist.
In fact, sometimes, organizations depute or encourage employees to do courses on a part time basis. Chief executive officers (CEO’s) are known to attend refresher course conducted in many Business schools. The late Manu Chabria, CMD, Shaw Wallace, attended such a two month programme at the Harvard business school. Education is more important for managers and executives than for lower-cadre workers.
3) Development
Another component of a training and development programme is development which is less skill – oriented but stress on knowledge. Knowledge about business environment, management principles and techniques, human relations, specific industry analysis and the like is useful for better management of a company.
Development programme should help an employee to be a self-starter, build sense of commitment, motivation, which should again helps him being self generating. It should make their performance result oriented and help them in being more efficient and effective. It should also help in making the employee sensitive towards the environment that is his work place and outside. This programme should keep the employee aware of him i.e. his potentials and his limitations. Help him see himself as others see him and accept his self image as a prelude to change. It helps teach an individual to communicate without filters, to see and feel points of view different from their own. Also helps them understand the powers in their hands and thereby develop leadership styles which inspire and motivate others. And finally helps install a zest for excellence, a divine discontent, a nagging dissatisfaction with the status quo.
4) Ethics
There is a need for imparting greater ethical orientation to a training and development programme. There is no denial of the fact that ethics are largely ignored in businesses. They are less seen and talked about in the personnel function this does not mean that the HR manager is absolved if the responsibility. If the production, finance or marketing personnel indulge in unethical practices the fault rest on the HR manager. It is his/her duty to enlighten all the employees in the organization about the need for ethical behavior.
5) Attitudinal Changes
Attitudinal represents feelings and beliefs an individual towards others. Attitudes affect motivation, satisfaction and job commitment. Negative attitudes needs to be converted into positive attitudes. Changing negative attitudes is difficult because of
(1) Employees refuse to change
(2) They have prior commitments and
(3) Information needed to change attitudes may not be sufficient.
Attitude must be changed so that the employee feels committed to the organization and give better performance.
6) Decision making and problem solving skills
Decision making and problem solving skill focus on methods and techniques for making organizational decision and solve work related problems. Learning related to decision making and problem solving skills seeks to improve trainee’s abilities to define and structure problems, collect and analysis information, generate alternatives. Training of this type is typically provided to potential managers, supervisors and professionals
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